双语科学新闻 | 全球首次私人航企飞船送宇航员进入太空……
This Week's Important News
1. NASA’s SpaceX "Demo-2" mission will return human spaceflight to the International Space Station from U.S. soil with astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley for the first time since 2011.
美国宇航局与私人航企SpaceX公司的“Demo-2”载人航天飞行任务将自2011年以来首次从美国本土返回国际空间站，宇航员罗伯特·本肯和道格拉斯·赫尔利也将一起返回。
On May 27, the mission will fly the two astronauts to the Space Station onboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft. You can watch this historic launch through NASA TV, the launch coverage begins at 4:33 p.m. EDT lift-off. For more information visit http://www.nasa.gov/live
美国时间5月27日，此任务搭载两名宇航员乘坐SpaceX公司的“龙”号宇宙飞船前往空间站。您可以通过美国国家航空航天局电视台观看这次历史性的发射，发射报道从美国东部时间下午4点33分开始。更多信息请访问http://www.nasa.gov/live
2. Engineered algae: A novel oxygen-generating system for effective treatment of hypoxic cancer
工程藻类：一种有效治疗缺氧性癌症的新型制氧系统
Scholars from the MOE Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention have engineered live microalgae that was delivered to hypoxic tumor tissue in mice, and managed to significantly boost the tumors' oxygen uptake, making cancer cells more susceptible to radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Their findings demonstrate a novel approach that leverages the products of photosynthesis for treatment of tumors, and provide proof-of-concept evidence for future development of algae-enhanced radio- and photodynamic therapy.
MOE癌症预防与干预重点实验室的学者们设计了活的微藻，并成功地将其移植到小鼠缺氧肿瘤组织中，大幅提高了肿瘤的摄氧量，使癌细胞更容易接受放射治疗和光动力治疗。他们的发现证明了一种利用光合作用产物治疗肿瘤的新方法，并为藻类增强放射和光动力疗法的未来发展提供了研究实证。
3. Remote, brain region–specific control of choice behavior with ultrasonic waves
利用超声波远程控制大脑特定区域的选择行为
Researchers from the Department of Biomedical Engineering of the University of Utah, and from the Department of Neurobiology of Stanford University, developed a study of non-invasive ultrasound wave pulses aimed at specific regions in macaque brains,which gave them some level of control over the monkeys’ choices. The ability to influence choice behavior non-invasively, could enable the development of systematic investigations and treatments of brain circuits, indicating a possible drug-free avenue to study and potentially treat disorders such as addiction.
犹他大学生物医学工程系和斯坦福大学神经生物学系的研究人员开发了一项针对猴脑特定区域的非侵入性超声波脉冲研究，从而对猴子的选择进行了一定程度的控制。非侵入性地影响选择行为的能力，可以促进大脑回路的系统研究和治疗，这表明可能有一种无需药物来研究和治疗成瘾等疾病的途径。
4. Genetically modified rodent malaria parasite for immunization against Plasmodium falciparum malaria
用于预防恶性疟疾免疫接种的转基因啮齿动物疟原虫
Two clinical studies conducted by scholars from the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology of Radboud University Medical Center, the Institute of Molecular Medicine from the University of Lisboa, and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Public Health from Erasmus University Medical Center, have developed two vaccines for malaria based on genetically engineered malaria parasites that have been found to be safe in humans and show preliminary signs of protection; both vaccines were well tolerated and immunogenic.
来自拉德堡德大学医学中心医学微生物学系拉德堡德传染病中心、里斯本大学分子医学研究所、伊拉斯姆斯大学医学微生物学与传染病系和公共卫生系的学者们进行的两项临床研究，已研发出两种基于基因工程疟原虫的疟疾疫苗，这些疫苗对人体是安全的，并显示出初步的保护迹象；两种疫苗都具有良好的耐受性和免疫原性。
5. An analysis of an 8,500-year paleo record stored in Mississippi Delta sediments suggests it is probably already inevitable that the delta marshes will sink into the sea.
对密西西比三角洲储存了8500年沉积物的分析表明，三角洲沼泽地将不可避免地沉入大海
Researchers from the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences of Tulane University, as well as the School of Earth, Environmental & Marine Sciences of the University of Texas –Rio Grande Valley, presented an 8500-year-long marsh record from the Mississippi Delta, showing that at rates of RSL rise exceeding 6 to 9 mm year−1, marsh conversion into open water occurs in about 50 years. At rates of RSL rise exceeding ~3 mm year−1, marsh drowning occurs within a few centuries. The researchers noted that since the present-day rates of global sea-level rise already surpass this rate, submergence of the remaining ~15,000 km2 of marshland in coastal Louisiana is probably inevitable. RSL-driven tipping points for marsh drowning vary geographically, and those for the Mississippi Delta may be lower than elsewhere. Nevertheless, their findings highlight the need for consideration of longer time windows in determining the vulnerability of coastal marshes worldwide.
杜兰大学的地球与环境科学系和德克萨斯大学-里约格兰德河谷分校地球、环境与海洋科学学院的研究人员展示了密西西比三角洲长达8500年的沼泽记录，表明RSL（相对海平面）速率1年上升超过6至9毫米,沼泽大约50年内即转变为开阔水域。当RSL的年增长率超过3毫米时，几个世纪内就会发生沼泽淹没。研究人员指出，由于目前全球海平面上升的速度已经超过了这一速度，路易斯安那州海岸剩下的大约1.5万平方公里湿地也将被淹没。RSL造成的沼泽沉水临界点因地理位置的差异而有所不同，密西西比三角洲的临界点可能低于其他地方。然而，他们的研究结果强调，在确定全世界沿海沼泽地的脆弱性时需要考虑更长的时间窗。
