双语新闻 | 回复审稿意见 Responding to Peer Reviews
许多访问学者和博士后都希望能够在国外产出更高质量的研究论文，那么学者在向期刊提交论文后，如何回应审稿人的意见，并做出必要的改进，下面就随知识人网一起来了解一下。
回复审稿意见
Responding to Peer Reviews
Scholars looking to go abroad as visiting scholars or postdocs often have as a goal to write one or more high-quality papers of their research.希望以访问学者或博士后身份出国的学者通常以撰写一篇或多篇高质量的研究论文为目标。
When submitting manuscripts to potential journals scientists need to be prepared to address the reviewers comments and make the necessary changes and improvements in a major revision of their manuscripts, in order to be able to publish their research.在向期刊提交论文时，科学家需要准备好回应审稿人的意见，并对论文进行必要的修改和改进，以便能够发表其研究成果。
What is the purpose of peer reviews?
评审的目的是什么?
The aim of reviews is to provide authors with constructive feedback from specialists, so that they can make improvements to their work. This is of key importance to ensure the highest possible standard.
评审的目的是向作者提供专家的建设性反馈意见，以便他们能够改进自己的工作。这对于确保文章尽可能达到最高标准至关重要。
Most papers are in one of these categories:
大多数论文属于以下类别之一：
1.- Research Papers: these papers are fully documented, interpreted accounts of significant findings of original research.
研究论文：这些论文完整地记录和解释了原始研究的重大发现。
2.- Review Papers: these are critical and comprehensive reviews that provide new insights or interpretation of a subject through a systematic evaluation of available evidence.
综述论文：通过对现有证据的系统评估，提供对某一主题的新见解或解释的批判性和综合性论述。
Note: A review paper is more than a literature overview, it must contain an in-depth critical review of the literature.
注：综述论文不仅仅是文献概述，它必须包含对文献深入的批判性评述。
Therefore, review papers are expected to have at least one experienced senior researcher among the authors.
因此，论文评审作者中至少要有一位有经验的高级研究员。
Examples of scientific reviews can be found in: 以下有关科学评述的示例:
Scientific American
《科学美国人》
Science in the "Perspectives" and "Reviews" sections
《Science》中“展望(Perspectives)”和“综述(Review)”部分
Nature in the "News and Views" section
《Nature》中 “新闻与评论(News and Views)”部分
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
《细胞生物学当代评论》
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
《遗传学与发育当代评论》
Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
《植物生理学植物分子生物学年鉴》
Annual Review of Physiology
《生理学年鉴》
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
《生态学与进化趋势》
(à Almost every scientific journal has special review articles.)
几乎每种科学期刊都有专门的综述文章
What is the General Criteria?
一般标准是什么?
Reviews help editors decide whether or not to publish an article, therefore these questions should be addressed.
评审可以帮助编辑决定是否发表文章，因此以下这些问题应该得到解决。
Does the paper provide insight into an important issue?
论文是否提出对一个重要问题的见解?
Does the paper tell a good story?
论文是否讲述了一则好故事?
Is the paper interesting for an international audience?
国际读者对这篇论文感兴趣吗?
Does the insight from the paper stimulate new, important questions?
这篇论文的观点是否引发了新的重要问题?
Is there a high probability that the paper will be read and cited by others?
论文被他人阅读和引用的可能性大吗?
Responding to Peer Review
回复审稿意见
After you and your colleagues have worked hard to develop research, and have written down the data into a cohesive story with evidence, citations, and conclusions, the next step is to submit the paper for publication.
在您和您的同事努力开展研究并将数据写进一篇有证据、引文和结论的连贯文章之后，下一步就是提交论文以供发表。
But the process of publishing has several parts, dealing with the reviews is just one of them. The journal you have submitted your paper to, will send you a notice for you to check the feedback and make certain changes to improve your paper.
但发表的过程包含几个部分，处理同行审稿意见只是其中之一。您提交论文的期刊将向您发送通知，让您查看反馈意见并进行某些调整以改善您的论文。
Peer review is by no means a perfect process, although most peer reviews are productive, polite, and necessary, sometimes other reviews may be a bit challenging or abstract.
同行评审并不是一个完美的过程，尽管大多数同行评审是富有成效的、礼貌的和必要的，但有时一些评审可能有点挑战或抽象。
You will need to navigate the reviews and put special effort into polishing your manuscript. Criticism is important in science, both taking it and giving it. Feedback should be honest, thoughtful, constructive, and respectful.
您需要评审意见，并付出格外的努力给您的手稿润色。批评在科学中很重要，无论是接受还是给予。反馈应该是诚实的、深思熟虑的、有建设性的和尊重他人的。
Here are a few generalized examples of the most common reviews:
以下是一些最常见评审的一般示例：
Perform additional experiments to better support the statements made.
进行附加的实验以更好地支持所作的陈述。
Adding figures, tables, charts, etc., that would better illustrate the points that were made.
添加数字、表格、图表等，以更好地说明所提出的观点。
Adding extra citations of related publications recommended by the reviewer.
添加审稿人推荐的相关出版物的额外引文。
Usually the publisher will give you a few weeks to work on your paper and address the reviews making any necessary changes.
通常出版商会给您几周的时间，针对评审意见对您的论文进行必要的修改。
If you believe the time is not enough, you could try asking the editor for an extension.
如果您觉得时间不够，可以向编辑请求延期。
Particularly in these past few months, in which many labs and universities shut down in a large number of countries for an indefinite period of time, perhaps editors will take on a more accommodating attitude towards authors.
特别是在过去几个月里，许多国家的实验室和大学无限期关闭，编辑们也许会对作者采取更为包容的态度。
The current reality of our world has made the scientific community rethink the standard peer-review procedures. Many scholars who work as associate editors for scientific journals had been addressing this issue, and pointing out they have received more requests for deadline extensions recently.
当今世界的现实情况促使科学界重新思考了标准的同行评审程序。许多科学期刊编辑的学者一直在讨论这个问题，并提出他们最近收到了更多的延期要求。
Therefore, balancing the reviewer comments with the difficulties the authors may face during these few months will be key to ensure a fair and objective review and publishing process.
因此，平衡审稿人的意见和作者在这几个月里可能面临的困难，将是确保公正客观的评议和出版过程的关键。
Good luck with your research and continue to work hard on your papers!
祝您好运，顺利完成您的论文!
