访问学者博士后预防流感季来袭（Watch out for the Flu Season）

　　冬季来临，又到了流感的高发期。国外高校、医院通常都有相应的管理条例，禁止相关人员带病工作。如果是孩子生病了，其所属的学校、幼儿园也会要求孩子休假，直至康复。知识人网提醒各位访问学者博士后及其家属注意预防流感来袭。

Watch out for the Flu Season

访问学者博士后预防流感季来袭

　　If visit abroad to work as a visiting scholar or a post-doc is during the winter, it is very likely that you will face the ‘flu’ season. As temperature drops and the weather conditions become increasingly rough, winter is usually the season where people get sick more often. The 2 most common winter problems are the flu (influenza) and common colds. It is especially important that you prevent these diseases as they can affect or prevent you from attending work.

　　冬季流感来袭，若此时您还在国外做访问学者或者博士后，可就要留意了。随着气温下降、天气越来越恶劣，人们很容易在冬季生病。最常见的两种疾病就是流感和普通感冒。预防这些疾病的发生就显得特别重要，避免因此影响自己的正常工作。

　　Is the Flu or a Common Cold?  究竟是流感还是普通感冒呢？      

　　A common cold and the flu may seem similar but they are not; they are caused by different types of viruses. If you are feeling a little under the weather you may be able to buy some OTC (Over-the-Counter) medicine from a local pharmacy. However, if you have an infectious disease such as a strep throat, you will need to take antibiotics, which are only sold in the US territory with a medical prescription.

　　普通感冒和流感可能看起来非常相似，但实际却是有区别的；他们是由不同类型的病毒引起的。如果您觉得身体轻微不适，可以根据自行需要去当地药店买些非处方药以备用。然而，若是感染性疾病，例如脓毒性咽喉炎，您通常需要服用抗生素，在美国此类药物需要有医生处方才可以买到。

　　Working abroad in a Medical position? What happens if you get sick?  

　　海外医护岗，生病了应该怎么办呢？

　　If you are working as a post-doc or a visiting scholar in a hospital, clinic or any kind of medical facility you may need to follow stricter regulations concerning sick leave. Each center has its own regulations, so be sure to check with the administrative department about getting sick leave if you have a contagious cold or an infectious disease.

　　如果您在医院做博士后或者访问学者，无论是临床类还是其他类型的医疗机构，您都需要遵守有关病假的严格规定。每个机构都有自己的管理规定，所以，如果自己不幸患传染性感冒或疾病，一定要向行政部门确认病假事宜。

　　Medical professionals should avoid coming to work while sick, an occurrence that’s been identified as “presenteeism.” Not only does working while sick make you less productive, but it can pose a significant risk to patients and cause illness to spread among colleagues and other hospital staff.

　　任何医护职工都不得带病工作，英语中有专门的词语presenteeism来称呼带病工作这一现象 。带病工作不仅工作效率低下，而且还会给病人带来一定的风险，同时也增加了在医院同事之间交叉传播的风险。

　　IMPORTANT! à Medical professionals who may be doing clinical observation during their visit abroad, and their observation involves patients who are: immunocompromised, infants, people who have been diagnosed with cancer or have recently undergone an organ transplant, should be especially diligent when it comes to staying away from work while sick. These patients are more susceptible to illness and may be at greater risk for having diseases transmitted to them than most.

　　注意 à许多医护科研工作者在海外做博士后或者访学期间，很可能会参与临床观摩，期间会接触到免疫功能低下的病人、婴儿，以及一些患癌症、或者最近刚完成器官移植的病人，在您患病期间更要避免和他们接触。相比普通人，这类群体患病的风险更高。

　　Did you moved abroad with your family? What happens if your kid gets sick?

　　和家人一起在海外生活吗？如果您的孩子生病了应该怎么办？

　　Infants and young children are at greater risk of getting seriously ill from the flu. That's why in the United States local governments along with their corresponding Departments of Health recommend that all children 6 months and older get the flu vaccine.

　　婴儿和小孩子患流感的风险更高。这也是为什么美国当地政府和政府卫生主管部门会建议6个月及以上的小孩子接种流感疫苗。

　　Be aware that educational centers have their own policies and regulations regarding sick children. Many schools, kindergartens and daycare facilities do not allow sick children to attend to school. If they notice your kid has the flu or a cold, it is very likely they will call you and ask you to pick up your kid immediately from school to take him/her home.

　　记得留意教育中心对于孩子生病的管理规定。很多学校、幼儿园和日托服务机构不允许孩子带病上学或入园。如果工作人员发现您的孩子患了流感或者感冒，他们很可能会联系您立刻带孩子回家。

　　How to prevent getting sick? 如何避免生病？

　　v  Get vaccinated against the influenza (flu shot).

　　v  Stay at least three feet away from anyone who's coughing or sneezing.

　　v  Keep your hands away from your face — especially from your mouth and nose.

　　v  Wash your hands with soap constantly.

　　v  Wear a mask.

　　v  流感疫苗接种。

　　v  远离咳嗽或者打喷嚏的人，保持距离在3英尺以上。（3英尺约为1米）

　　v  切记不要用手触摸自己的脸——特别是嘴巴和鼻子。

　　v  经常用肥皂洗手。

　　v  带口罩。

　　知识人网提醒各位访问学者博士后，工作和学业固然重要，但是身体健康也不可忽视。国外医院的看病流程与国内不同，需要提前预约，通常耗时较长。建议大家平日注意室内通风，户外保暖，并在家中准备一些必要的药品，以备应急之需。